Author Archives: Alexander Leonov

About Alexander Leonov

Hi! My name is Alexander and I am a Vulnerability Management specialist. You can read more about me here. Currently, the best way to follow me is my Telegram channel @avleonovcom. You can discuss my posts or ask questions at @avleonovchat. А всех русскоязычных я приглашаю подписаться на мой канал @avleonovrus "Управление Уязвимостями и прочее" в MAX или в Telegram.

About Remote Code Execution - Adobe Reader (CVE-2026-34621) vulnerability

About Remote Code Execution - Adobe Reader (CVE-2026-34621) vulnerability

About Remote Code Execution - Adobe Reader (CVE-2026-34621) vulnerability. Adobe Acrobat Reader (from 2003 to 2015, "Adobe Reader") is a free PDF viewer developed by Adobe. Versions are available for Windows, macOS, Android, and iOS. The remote code execution vulnerability in Adobe Acrobat for Windows and macOS is caused by improper handling of object prototype attributes (CWE-1321 - "Prototype Pollution"). Successful exploitation of the vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the target system when the victim opens a specially crafted document.

👾 Researcher Haifei Li, the developer of EXPMON - a sandbox-based system designed to detect file-based zero-days and hard-to-detect exploits - reported the vulnerability and the existence of a working exploit on April 7. Earlier, on March 26, an unknown individual uploaded a malicious PDF sample named yummy_adobe_exploit_uwu.pdf to the public EXPMON service.

According to the analysis results, the sample behaved like an initial exploit capable of collecting and transmitting various types of information to the attacker, potentially followed by arbitrary code execution (RCE) and sandbox escape (SBX) exploits. It used a zero-day vulnerability in Adobe Reader that allowed it to invoke privileged Acrobat APIs. The exploit was confirmed to work on the latest version of Acrobat. Specifically, it abused the "util.readFileIntoStream()" API, which allows arbitrary files accessible to the isolated Reader process to be read from the local system. This enabled the malware to collect a wide range of information from the victim's machine and steal data from local files. The "RSS.addFeed()" API was used to send the collected information to a remote server and retrieve additional JavaScript code for execution. Such a mechanism allows attackers to gather user information, steal local data, perform advanced fingerprinting, and further develop the attack. If the target matched the attacker's criteria, an additional exploit could then be delivered to achieve RCE or SBX. However, during testing, the researcher was unable to obtain the additional exploit payload - although the server was reachable, it did not respond. This may have been caused by several factors. For example, the local testing environments may not have matched the specific criteria expected by the attacker.

On April 8, another malicious file sample was discovered on VirusTotal. The file had originally been uploaded on November 28, 2025, indicating that this 0day/APT campaign had been active for at least four months.

On April 9, researcher Gi7w0rm reported signs of active exploitation of the vulnerability in attacks. The attacks used malicious Russian-language documents disguised as materials related to Russia's oil and gas sector as phishing lures. Based on the observed targeting, the campaign appears to have been aimed at specific Russian organizations.

On April 13, the vulnerability was added to the CISA KEV catalog.

⚙️ The Adobe security bulletin was published on April 12. Affected versions include Acrobat DC 26.001.21367 and earlier, Acrobat Reader DC 26.001.21367 and earlier, and Acrobat 2024 24.001.30356 and earlier. The vulnerability has been fixed in Acrobat DC 26.001.21411, Acrobat Reader DC 26.001.21411, and Acrobat 2024 (Windows: 24.001.30362/Mac: 24.001.30360).

Adobe recommends that users of affected versions update their applications via “Help > Check for Updates”, which triggers the automatic update process. Alternatively, users can download the Acrobat Reader installer directly from Adobe's official portal.

The bulletin notes that Adobe is aware of active exploitation of vulnerability CVE-2026-34621 in the wild.

🛠 No public exploits have been observed so far.

💡 PDF files received from untrusted or unexpected sources should always be treated with caution and opened in isolated (sandboxed) environments. 😉

About Remote Code Execution - Microsoft SharePoint (CVE-2026-20963) vulnerability

About Remote Code Execution - Microsoft SharePoint (CVE-2026-20963) vulnerability

About Remote Code Execution - Microsoft SharePoint (CVE-2026-20963) vulnerability. This vulnerability was fixed in the January MSPT. At the time of the MSPT release on January 13, VM vendors did not highlight this vulnerability in their reviews, and Microsoft reported no evidence of exploitation in the wild. The CVSS vector was initially rated as CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H (8.8). The "PR:L" indicates that authentication was required to exploit the vulnerability. However, on March 17, Microsoft updated both the vulnerability description and its CVSS vector. The updated CVSS vector is CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H (9.8). The "PR:N" indicates that authentication is not required for exploitation.

Current vulnerability description:

"Deserialization of untrusted data (CWE-502) in Microsoft Office SharePoint allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network. In a network-based attack, an unauthenticated attacker could write arbitrary code to inject and execute code remotely on the SharePoint Server."

👾 On March 18, the vulnerability was added to the CISA KEV catalog. No detailed information about exploitation is available yet, and there are currently no public exploits. However, in terms of potential impact, this vulnerability may be comparable to last year's RCE "ToolShell" (CVE-2025-49704).

The situation surrounding this vulnerability demonstrates that the criticality of any vulnerability cannot be determined once and for all. Indicators of exploitation in the wild or public exploits may emerge at any time, and the vendor may also revise the vulnerability description and CVSS metrics for various reasons. Therefore, all vulnerabilities detected within an infrastructure must be continuously monitored (either internally or via a VM vendor), with their criticality regularly reassessed and remediation deadlines adjusted accordingly.

Given that the status of any specific vulnerability may change at any time, it is not advisable to dismiss vulnerabilities as definitively non-critical or non-exploitable. A responsible approach assumes that all detected vulnerabilities require remediation, prioritized according to their continuously updated risk levels.

March Linux Patch Wednesday

March Linux Patch Wednesday

March Linux Patch Wednesday. In March, Linux vendors began addressing 575 vulnerabilities, which is 57 fewer than in February. Of these, 93 are in the Linux Kernel (⬇️ a significant decrease - there were 305 in February). There are two vulnerabilities with signs of in-the-wild exploitation:

🔻 RCE - Chromium (CVE-2026-3909, CVE-2026-3910)

Additionally, for 130 (❗️) vulnerabilities, public exploits are available or there are indications of their existence. Notable ones include:

🔸 RCE - Caddy (CVE-2026-27590), NLTK (CVE-2025-14009), Rollup (CVE-2026-27606), GVfs (CVE-2026-28296), SPIP (CVE-2026-27475), OpenStack Vitrage (CVE-2026-28370)
🔸 AuthBypass - Curl (CVE-2026-3783), coTURN (CVE-2026-27624), Libsoup (CVE-2026-3099)
🔸 InfDisc - Glances (CVE-2026-30928, CVE-2026-32596)
🔸 PathTrav - gSOAP (CVE-2019-25355), basic-ftp (CVE-2026-27699)
🔸 EoP - Snapd (CVE-2026-3888), GNU Inetutils (CVE-2026-28372)
🔸 SFB - Caddy (CVE-2026-27585, CVE-2026-27587/88/89), Keycloak (CVE-2026-1529), PyJWT (CVE-2026-32597), Authlib (CVE-2026-27962, CVE-2026-28498, CVE-2026-28802)
🔸 CodeInj - lxml_html_clean (CVE-2026-28350), ormar (CVE-2026-26198)
🔸 SSRF - Libsoup (CVE-2026-3632)

🗒 Full Vulristics report

March "In the Trend of VM" (#25): once again, vulnerabilities are only in Microsoft products

March In the Trend of VM (#25): once again, vulnerabilities are only in Microsoft products

March "In the Trend of VM" (#25): once again, vulnerabilities are only in Microsoft products. I present the traditional monthly roundup of trending vulnerabilities according to Positive Technologies. As in February, it turned out to be quite compact and focused on a single vendor.

🗞 Post on Habr (rus)
🗒 Digest on the PT website (rus)

All four vulnerabilities are from the February Microsoft Patch Tuesday, and all are actively being exploited in the wild:

🔻 RCE - Windows Shell (CVE-2026-21510)
🔻 RCE - Microsoft Word (CVE-2026-21514)

💬 Microsoft classified the two vulnerabilities above as Security Feature Bypass, but in fact, they are Remote Code Execution.

🔻 EoP - Windows Remote Desktop Services (CVE-2026-21533)
🔻 EoP - Desktop Window Manager (CVE-2026-21519)

🟥 The full list of trending vulnerabilities can be found on the portal

About the Remote Code Execution Vulnerability - n8n (CVE-2025-68613)

About the Remote Code Execution Vulnerability - n8n (CVE-2025-68613)

About Remote Code Execution Vulnerability - n8n (CVE-2025-68613). n8n is a workflow automation platform available under a fair-code license. Improper Control of Dynamically-Managed Code Resources (CWE-913) in the n8n workflow expression evaluation system allows a remote authenticated attacker without administrative privileges to execute arbitrary code.

⚙️ The vulnerability was fixed in late December 2025.

⚒️ Exploits on GitHub have been available since December 22, including those for combined exploitation with CVE-2026-21858 (Ni8mare).

👾 On December 26, a detailed write-up by Resecurity was published, reporting signs of exploitation in the wild. On February 27, Akamai reported exploitation of the vulnerability by Zerobot malware. On March 11, the vulnerability was added to the CISA KEV.

🌐 In January, CyberOK SKIPA recorded just under 9,000 active n8n instances in the Runet, ~70% of which were vulnerable.

About Elevation of Privilege - Desktop Window Manager (CVE-2026-21519) vulnerability

About Elevation of Privilege - Desktop Window Manager (CVE-2026-21519) vulnerability

About Elevation of Privilege - Desktop Window Manager (CVE-2026-21519) vulnerability. The vulnerability is from the February Microsoft Patch Tuesday. Desktop Window Manager is a compositing window manager included in Windows starting with Windows Vista. A Type Confusion error (CWE-843) in Desktop Window Manager allows an authorized attacker to locally elevate privileges to the SYSTEM level. By fixing this vulnerability, Microsoft most likely attempted to counter the same attacker who exploited the January Information Disclosure vulnerability (CVE-2026-20805) in the same component. It is possible that the original fix did not fully resolve the issue.

👾 Microsoft reports that the vulnerability has been exploited in the wild. The vulnerability has been in the CISA KEV since February 10.

🛠 No public exploits are available yet.

На русском

About Elevation of Privilege - Windows RDS (CVE-2026-21533) vulnerability

About Elevation of Privilege - Windows RDS (CVE-2026-21533) vulnerability

About Elevation of Privilege - Windows RDS (CVE-2026-21533) vulnerability. The vulnerability is from the February Microsoft Patch Tuesday. Remote Desktop Services (RDS) is a component of Microsoft Windows that allows a user to initiate and control an interactive session on a remote computer or virtual machine over a network connection using the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). Improper Privilege Management (CWE-269) in Windows Remote Desktop allows a local attacker to gain SYSTEM privileges. According to CrowdStrike, the exploit binary modifies a service configuration key, allowing the attacker to elevate privileges and "add a new user to the Administrator group".

👾 Microsoft reports exploitation of the vulnerability in the wild. The vulnerability has been listed in the CISA KEV since February 10.

🛠 No public exploits are available yet, but there are reports of the exploit being advertised for sale for $220,000 on a dark forum.

На русском