About Elevation of Privilege - Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock (CVE-2026-68820) vulnerability. The Ancillary Function Driver (AFD) is a Windows component that supports Windows Sockets applications and is contained in the afd.sys file. The afd.sys driver runs in kernel mode and manages the Winsock TCP/IP communications protocol. This vulnerability is from the August Microsoft Patch Tuesday. Use-after-free (CWE-416) in the Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally to SYSTEM level. Successful exploitation requires an attacker to win the race condition. As a result, the attacker can gain full control over the Windows host, execute commands with SYSTEM-level privileges, disable security protections, install malware, and access other users' data.

👾 The vulnerability was already being exploited in the wild when it was disclosed as part of Microsoft's August Patch Tuesday on August 11. That same day, it was added to the CISA KEV catalog. Notably, Microsoft listed the Exploit Code Maturity in the CVSS as "Unproven". 🤷‍♂️ Microsoft credited researchers from Check Point for reporting the vulnerability.

Details on how the vulnerability was exploited in attacks were published in a Check Point blog post on August 11. The vulnerability was exploited as part of the "Operation Dream Job" campaign, which targeted organizations worldwide, with a particular focus on the defense sector in Europe and India. The campaign is linked to the Lazarus Group. The campaign begins with targeted phishing messages offering victims attractive job opportunities at well-known companies in the defense, aerospace, and aviation industries. Victims are lured into opening a PDF decoy masquerading as a Lockheed Martin job description. This triggers the execution of a lightweight in-memory loader - MISTPEN. The loader uses the Microsoft Graph API to access OneDrive, from which it retrieves additional modules and runs them in memory. During the initial stages of the infection, the attacker deploys several reconnaissance modules that gather information about the system and running processes. Once the target is deemed of interest, MISTPEN retrieves an additional persistence module, which installs the malware on disk and ensures that MISTPEN is automatically launched after a system reboot. After establishing persistence, MISTPEN loads an in-memory module designed to exploit the CVE-2026-68820 vulnerability. Check Point researchers believe that this vulnerability was exploited as part of "Operation Dream Job" at least as early as the beginning of July 2026. Successful exploitation enables the malware to launch FudModule, a Lazarus kernel-level rootkit, with SYSTEM privileges. The final backdoor delivered by MISTPEN - ForestTiger - provides attackers with remote access to the compromised system, allowing them to execute commands, collect host information, and download additional malicious components.

🛠 No public exploits have been observed so far. Some people are offering exploits for sale, but they don't look reliable.

⚙️ Security updates are available for Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2019.